A B S T R A C TToday, all officials involved with the challenges of city sustainability have accepted the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better living conditions AND protecting the environment for a better quality of life. The central part of the metropolis of Tabriz is based on Region 8 AND part of Region 10, a historical-cultural area with an area of 286 hectares AND a population of about 40 thousAND people in 8 neighbourhoods. This research was compiled to evaluate AND explain the regeneration of the central part of Tabriz city with the approach of smart growth AND in line with the SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT of problematic neighbourhoods in the 8th district of Tabriz metropolis. The present review is methodologically practical, to describe AND analyze the goals of regeneration based on library studies. The statistical population of the research includes experts AND people living in the central context. In the first part, the Delphi method was used by asking experts. In the second part, the structural equation method of SPSS AND AMOS software is used. According to the results of using the scales of design, pedestrian-oriented, intergenerational justice in the actual situation AND 3 indicators of management AND productivity, stable AND value-creating jobs are in the potential situation. Also, two environmental indicators with the most direct AND indirect effects AND a cultural index have been decisive in the regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. Therefore, in the regeneration of the central part, the studied indicators should be used simultaneously AND integrated into the reconstruction projects of the central fabric of the city to lead to smart sustainabilityExtended AbstractIntroductionSmart growth is considered a lever for revitalizing neighborhoods AND urban centers. In a general scenario of smart growth, knowing the time AND resources of investment provides a new AND SUSTAINABLE life in the city center AND worn-out AND old textures. Moreover, finally, it will improve the quality of urban neighborhoods, especially worn-out ones, AND revive them. Tabriz metropolis, one of the most important AND largest cities in the country, with a long history of settlement, especially the central AND old texture, due to DEVELOPMENTs in information AND communication technology, extensive environmental, social, AND economic changes in terms of time requirements, the traditional texture of roads, Deterioration of residential units, lack of equipment, infrastructure AND urban services AND environmental problems have caused the failure AND physically turned into inefficient AND problematic textures. Urban planning AND DEVELOPMENT science must adopt a new decision AND approach to face the existing AND complex issues of worn-out texture. The main problem of the research is to evaluate AND explain the regeneration of the central texture AND strengthen them in line with the SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT of the problematic neighborhoods of Tabriz metropolis according to the solutions AND principles of smart urban growth. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to answer the following question:- What are the effective indicators AND components in the regeneration of the central texture of Tabriz metropolis with a smart growth approach? MethodologyThis research is applied AND fundamental in terms of purpose AND descriptive-analytical. The collection methods are based on documentary AND library studies, surveys, AND interviews. In the first part, qualitative data was prepared with an open questionnaire AND through interviews, as well as the review of documents AND quantitative data used in this research numerically AND through the weighting of Delphi questionnaires based on the consensus index model to determine importance, certainty, AND priority. The panel members were 19 people (including 5 university faculty members, 7 field research experts, 4 executive experts, AND 3 graduate students) selected based on the non-probability (targeted) method. In the second part, Cronbach's alpha method was exerted to measure the reliability of the questions, which was obtained as 0.89. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the Lawshe method was exploited. The statistical population of the second part includes District 8 of Tabriz, which is the central texture of the city AND is equal to 34,231 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 379 people. Results AND discussionIn the next step, path analysis was performed using AMOS 23 software to compare the integrated model with the hypotheses. The results of the path analysis, while verifying the structures, show that the value of the index of the critical ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) is equal to 4.01, which is an optimal value for the model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.952, which indicates the acceptability of this amount for the optimal fit of the model. The value of the root means the square error of estimation (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable because it is smaller than 0.08 AND indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) is 0.917, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.92, AND the normalized parsimonious fit index (PNFI) is 0.882, which all indicate that the fit AND verification of the research model are desirable.Therefore, none of the objects are removed AND remain in the model. Therefore, it is confirmed that the factor structure of regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach has reliability AND construct validity. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach are greater than 0.4 AND are significant at the 95% probability level. According to the results, the environmental dimension with a factor loading of 0.94 has the most significant effect on urban regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central texture of Tabriz city. After that, quality of life with a factor loading of 0.92, social dimension with a factor loading of 0.88, economic dimension with a factor loading of 0.83, physical dimension with a factor loading of 0.81, transportation dimension with a factor loading of 0.74 AND cultural dimension in order with a factor loading of 0.72, are in the following ranks.According to the final structural model results, the environmental index has the highest value, with a direct effect of 0.594 AND an indirect effect of 0.275. Moreover, after that, respectively, the quality of life index with a direct effect of 0.513 AND an indirect effect of 0.236, a social index with a direct effect of 0.476 AND an indirect effect of 0.217, an economic index with a direct effect of 0.451 AND an indirect effect of 0.222, Physical with the direct effect of 0.435 AND indirect effect of 0.205, mobility index with the direct effect of 0.373 AND indirect effect of 0.182 AND cultural index with the effect of direct values of 0.295 AND indirect effect of 0.153 are influential in regeneration with smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. ConclusionIn this research, seven main indicators related to the subject were investigated. The results showed that the environmental index with the most significant direct AND indirect effect is the focus of the EVALUATION. After that, dimensions AND indicators of quality of life, social index, economic index, physical index, mobility index, AND cultural index have been influential. According to the results, the urban environment index was analyzed as the most important factor at a high level, AND this means that for urban regeneration with a smart growth approach, improving the environmental AND physical conditions in the worn-out AND central texture of Tabriz city in the current situation is a priority. It is first. This is the most well-known part of regeneration with a smart growth approach. The analysis results show that this is not the case only in the case of transportation infrastructure. However, more comprehensive urban infrastructure such as the urban lANDscape, open spaces, green AND parks, etc. are also crucial in improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. Also, this study's results show that the economic sector's importance is as important as improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. In addition, in the worn-out texture of District 8 of Tabriz city, the sociocultural sector is essential, AND the revival of historical AND cultural resources is considered one of the urban regeneration options. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.  Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific.

A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social AND environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating SUSTAINABLE horticulture DEVELOPMENT strategies AND their effect on the SUSTAINABLE livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products AND their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of BANDar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts AND the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz AND Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A rANDom sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, AND environmental dimensions, AND 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, AND environmental dimensions, to measure the SUSTAINABLE livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social AND environmental sustainability is effective in the SUSTAINABLE livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' SUSTAINABLE livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages AND horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security AND providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth AND agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. SUSTAINABLE agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment AND uses natural resources better. SUSTAINABLE horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, AND is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of SUSTAINABLE agricultural DEVELOPMENT, considering its nature AND the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve SUSTAINABLE agricultural DEVELOPMENT compared to agriculture are food supply AND welfare facilities, storage AND meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection AND green cover, air conditioning AND increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers AND preservation of plant genetic resources. A SUSTAINABLE livelihood strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The SUSTAINABLE livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural DEVELOPMENT to reduce AND eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is SUSTAINABLE when it can withstAND unexpected pressures AND damages AND restore itself AND improve its capabilities AND capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of BANDar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the SUSTAINABLE livelihood of rural households. BANDar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude AND latitude, it is located between 53 degrees AND 51 minutes to 54 degrees AND 3 minutes of east longitude AND 36 degrees AND 39 minutes to 36 degrees AND 49 minutes of north latitude. BANDar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type AND descriptive-analytical AND survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations AND interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A rANDom sampling method was exerted to select the samples, AND 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results AND discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate AND compare the household's SUSTAINABLE livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% AND 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of SUSTAINABLE livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support AND investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, AND the amount of unemployed AND employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture AND the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, to identify important AND recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, AND countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, AND analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, AND author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 AND 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 AND 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "LAND Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, AND the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban DEVELOPMENT projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. The study begins by collecting AND categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals AND articles' current trends AND performance? -How do countries AND researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, AND different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research AND a more structured approach to understANDing the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation AND EVALUATION plans in urban AND lAND use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract AND collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" AND "EVALUATION-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, AND titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 AND 2022, possibly due to the global pANDemic AND the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, AND thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, AND main themes AND sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation AND EVALUATION plans in urban AND lAND use planning.   Results AND discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans using bibliometrics AND systematic analysis. The study considers EVALUATION as a crucial part of the implementation process AND seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation AND execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends AND performances of new articles AND urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance EVALUATION," "effectiveness," "lAND use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," AND "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of EVALUATION in the discussion of program implementation AND its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program EVALUATION" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" AND "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations AND link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "lAND use policy" journal had the highest link strength, AND the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers AND researchers interested in urban DEVELOPMENT planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans, identifies effective indicators, AND investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. The study highlights the importance of EVALUATION in the implementation process AND its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the EVALUATION of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the EVALUATION of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing AND executing urban DEVELOPMENT projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics AND systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program EVALUATION is only an important part of its structure, AND secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel AND exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising AND discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation AND execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, AND thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases AND undertake comparative EVALUATIONs of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed AND implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were rANDomly assigned to treatment (12) AND control (12) groups AND trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive AND interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

To assesse the iron AND silicon effects on the yield AND physiological characteristics of green pea, WANDo cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 AND 0.3 gr per l-1) AND silicon (0, 14 AND 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely rANDomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh AND dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn AND Si in leaf AND grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe AND Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh AND dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf AND grain Zn AND leaf Si AND the application of Fe AND Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf AND grain Cu, Mn AND Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe AND Si significantly increased fresh AND dry grain weight AND Si laef concetration AND decreased the concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe AND Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe AND Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu AND zinc leaf AND grains, but the Si concentration of leaf AND grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu AND Zn were decreased in leaf AND grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity AND the application of 0.1 g/l AND 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

Brick is the most widely used construction material. Demolition of buildings AND production of construction waste, including clay brick, are dramatically increasing in an alarming rate. The production of traditional bricks such as clay bricks has hazardous impacts on the environment, such as pollution AND extensive use of natural resources. This study addressed the application of the geo-polymerization process as an environmental AND SUSTAINABLE method to produce new bricks from clay brick waste AND different types of fillers. Accordingly, the powder AND grains of clay brick waste, dune sAND, washed sAND, industrial sodium hydroxide, AND water glass were utilized to prepare cubic AND brick-shaped geopolymer samples with different mix designs AND then cured at 70 °C. The samples' compressive strength, water absorption AND SEM analysis were examined. According to the results, the highest compressive strength for cubic mortar samples was obtained in the case without filler; for these samples, with mass ratios of water glass to sodium hydroxide solution equal to 1 AND 2, compressive strength was 18.45 AND 22.15 MPa, respectively. In the brick samples, the highest compressive strength was obtained in the 28-day AND 8 M geopolymer samples, which was equal to 25.38 MPa. On the other hAND, the geopolymer samples made by sAND filler had higher compressive strength AND lower water absorption in comparison to other samples. Therefore, SUSTAINABLE production of geopolymer bricks from clay brick waste AND inexpensive materials as the filler can be a step toward mitigating the environmental impact of construction AND demolition waste.

This study was conducted during summer AND winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) AND SUSTAINABLE (Sust) (integrated between Conv AND Org) AND sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) AND fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield AND its component) AND quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat AND soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) AND the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv AND Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hANDs the highest remobilization AND current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W AND conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic AND SUSTAINABLE agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost AND vermicompost) AND crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, SUSTAINABLE agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

Since the EVALUATION of the diversity indicators in consumption of medicinal species by the beneficiary’s households AND its driving factors is of utmost importance in marketing, multi-purpose planning of rangelANDs AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, a questionary-based study was carried out to determine the diversity indices of medicinal species consumption in settled nomadic communities living under different management AND livelihood situations in the rangelANDs of Dyvaroeieh in Bardsir township, Kerman province, Iran. To this end, the medicinal species consumed by each household (as a study unit) in addition to the diversity indicators of consumption (i.e., dominance coefficient AND Shannon-Weiner index) were evaluated under two management sites comprising RangelAND Management Plan (RMP) (i.e.,Dvyaroeieh 1) AND the nearest adjacent rangelAND without RMP (i.e., Dyvaroeieh 2, as control treatment ) AND three livelihood levels (i.e., very poor (<50 million Rials monthly income), poor (50-100 million Rials monthly income) AND moderate (100-150 million Rials monthly income)) under factorial test in SPSS software environment. The study's results revealed that both of management AND livelihood factors can be applied by manager to increase diversity indices in medicinal plants consumed by beneficiaries. More specifically, management through RMP was more powerful AND effective tool in this way. Therefore, it could conceivably be argued that RMP can be considered as a driving factor in increasing the diversity of medicinal plant consumption AND also be a suitable platform to meet the needs AND demANDs of rangelANDs’ beneficiaries in this field.

ABSTRACT With the expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, social AND economic dimensions. Despite the DEVELOPMENT of the guidelines for urban regeneration projects, these projects in Iran still have challenges in the stage of realization AND implementation. This article aims to identify the "challenges AND causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" AND analyse the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in the field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. The challenges raised in the AtlasTI software were extracted with the help of open AND axial coding. In the following, 100 codes were determined in the form of 10 groups or general categories. In the end, the obstacles to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to the obtained results, the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional AND management problems, AND the weakness of participation are the four most important AND frequent challenges in the research related to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction The trend of urban population growth AND the expansion of inefficient urban fabrics along with the increasing immigrant population to the cities makes the planners think of filling the existing urban fabrics with excessive density AND lAND use change, instead of the city horizontal DEVELOPMENT with regard to the urban SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT prism. Poor housing, low per capita services, lack of necessary infrastructure, low quality of life, economic stagnation AND functional inefficiency, unorganized physical-spatial structure, high vulnerability to earthquakes, loss of social status, AND various social problems exemplify the typical challenges of such deteriorated areas. Deterioration of the urban fabric has prompted the emergence of various urban DEVELOPMENT policies among which regeneration as an overarching approach characterized by its economic, social, environmental, physical, ecological dimensions AND components including quality of life, justice, revitalization AND participation. This concept, as an urban DEVELOPMENT policy, has been defined AND applied in the vulnerable AND deteriorated areas of cities in recent years. Started from physical reDEVELOPMENT in the Second World War AND passing through policies concentrated on social AND economic welfare, urban regeneration policies moved towards the participation of local residents AND the creation of SUSTAINABLE places in recent decades. However, taking into consideration the manifestation challenges of urban DEVELOPMENT plans, in the existing literature, urban regeneration challenges have been less comprehensively investigated. This paper aims to identify the "challenges AND causes of lack of urban regeneration plans manifestation in Iran" based on the review AND analysis of the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach in response to this question: "What are the challenges AND obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran?”   Methodology This research aims to identify "challenges AND obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" through a meta-analysis of the research conducted in this field. Conducting a systematic search in Magiran, comprehensive humanities portal, AND Google Scholar databases using the Boolean logic search used the keyword (challenges) AND key phrases (‘manifestation of plans’ AND ‘urban regeneration in Iran’) resulted in more than 70 Persian papers, 2 English papers, AND 2 English theses. The reviewed studies included research AND review papers, case study research, AND the special issue of urban regeneration policy of Haft Shahr Journal. The geographical scope of the investigated studies covers the historical contexts of Iran, AND metropolises such as Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, AND Isfahan. Reviewing the abstracts, 23 studies were selected among which the research focusing on the different types of regeneration, AND EVALUATION of urban regeneration indicators were excluded from the research process. To conduct meta-analysis after a comprehensive review of each study, open AND focused coding of challenges was done through Atlas.ti software (version 8), AND the obstacles to the manifestation of the plans were extracted. Coding process continued until the saturation was reached. Finally, the 115 codes obtained was reduced to 100 through integrating similar codes. Then, all the codes were categorized into 10 categories, AND a comprehensive model of "challenges of manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" was presented.   Results AND discussion Based on the conducted review, the recognized problems with emphasis on the different aspects of urban regeneration projects are: 1) Weak presence of non-governmental organizations (18 codes); 2) Problems of preparing plans (17 codes); 3) Institutional AND managerial problems (14 codes); 4) Weakness of participation (13 codes); 5) Duration AND financial problems of urban regeneration plans (10 codes); 6) Problems of urban regeneration plans process (8 codes); 7) loss of identity of fabrics in the preparation of the plan (6 codes); 8) Lack of context-oriented approach (7 codes); 9) inefficient EVALUATION of plans (4 codes); 10) lack of social AND specialized training for citizens AND officials (3 codes). The lack of endogenous theory AND insufficient knowledge of the environment AND residents obstacle the manifestation of urban regeneration plans. Despite pretending the use of non-governmental organizations, the relevant law weaknesses, AND the lack of belief in the effectiveness of it has led to disregard of the participation of non-governmental organizations in practice in the process of preparing AND implementing DEVELOPMENT plans resulting in an inadequate context for manifestation of urban regeneration plans. In addition, the government supervision on NGO’s in the way of achieving independence has also caused limitations for their interplay. In terms of the issues in the preparation of plans, more emphasis on the physical AND economic dimensions AND the purely physical view, AND the lack of attention to the social AND cultural consequences, along with the loss of the community identity, are the factors of the failure of the plans to achieve the expected results. The lack of coordination between programs AND multiple decision-makers led to the institutional confrontation instead of interaction. In this regard, the necessity of an integrated AND comprehensive approach to urban regeneration has been acknowledged in the reviewed studies. NGO’s can play an effective role in communicating with citizens, educating citizens AND informing them. It is also necessary to have the participation of the private sector AND other organizations involved in the field of urban DEVELOPMENT in addition to public participation in all steps of preparation, implementation AND occupation of projects AND DEVELOPMENT plans. In the absence of a context-oriented approach in the preparation AND implementation of urban regeneration plans in Iran with blind imitation of western models AND the existence of limited urban infrastructure, following consequences are inevitable: uncertainty in terms of time, cost AND site preparation before the implementation of the plan; lack of definition of urban regeneration plans in the different scales, neighborhood, region AND city; AND the uncertainty of the relationship between these plans AND other urban DEVELOPMENT plans. As such in the current inadequate conditions driving the process of preparing plans, the possibility of implementing new policies AND plans, is low AND the implemented plans like many other urban DEVELOPMENT plans in Iran, are inefficient in the absence of the post occupancy EVALUATION.   Conclusion Based on the results, four priority challenges in the manifestation of urban regeneration plans in Iran include; the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, AND the weakness of participation. "The weak presence of non-governmental organizations" has been mentioned as the first challenge in most reviewed studies (Ahmadifar et al., 2014). Regarding the "participation of citizens" even though in the set of laws AND regulations of SUSTAINABLE urban regeneration, promotion of citizenship culture, participation, AND cooperation of local institutions are highlighted, the residents are not welcomed in practice. On the other hAND, the lack of people's participation in the preparation AND implementation of plans has made any urban regeneration actions fail or achieve to its partial goals. In this regard, the results of the previous comparative comparisons have shown that the lack of laws AND regulations supporting participation in various fields is of the key factors (Nourian AND Ariana, 2011, Shafie Dastjerdi AND Sadeghi, 2016). The problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, ranked as the third AND fourth issues in this study, have been emphasized in previous studies as well (Kalantari Khalil Abad et al., Pakro AND Sattarzadeh, 2014, Izadi et al., 2019). Therefore, prioritizing the challenges raised by experts AND determining operational strategies to solve them are issues that can be addressed in future studies.   Keywords Urban regeneration plans, manifestation, meta-analysis   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.

The aim of present research in the first stage was to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using acid-acetone method AND then nanoencapsulation of the pigment using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating. In the next step, antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin AND the free form of the pigment was evaluated. In order to evaluate antibacterial activity of the samples, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus iniae, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli AND Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram negative) were used. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin is significantly higher than the free form of pigment (p<0.05); In addition, this activity was improved by increasing the concentration of samples from 100 to 200 µg/ml (p<0.05). By astaxanthin nanoencapsulation, the diameter of non-growth zone of the studied bacteria increased (p<0.05), but minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) AND minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the pigment AND its carrier nanocapsules decreased (p<0.05). According to the results of zone of inhibition, Gram positive (except Listeria monocytogenes) AND Gram negative bacteria were resistant up to concentrations of 60 AND 80 µg/ml of samples, respectively. In the following, the MIC AND MBC of the pigment (free AND nanoencapsulated forms) for the seven bacteria ranged from 50 to 400 AND 100 to 500 µg/ml, respectively. The results of EVALUATION the antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin during storage period (30 days at 4ºC) indicated stability AND no significant change of these properties (p>0.05). According to the values of diameter of non-growth zone, MIC AND MBC, Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive bacteria against astaxanthin AND its carrier nanocapsules. Based on the findings, astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis has antioxidant AND antibacterial activities, AND these properties are improved by the pigment nanoencapsulation using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating.